Acute (short- term) exposure of humans to naphthalene by inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact is associated with hemolytic anemia, damage to the liver, and neurological damage.Cataracts have also been reported in workers acutely exposed to naphthalene by inhalation and ingestion. Exposure to large amounts of naphthalene may damage or destroy red blood cells. What color is naphthalene? NIOSH/OSHA. Acute (short- term) exposure of humans to naphthalene by inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact is associated with hemolytic anemia, damage to the liver, and neurological damage. Mice exposed to 2 ppm naphthalene vapors for four hours exhibited damage to the Clara cells of the proximal airways. Naphthalene has been found in wastewater treatment plant discharge. Diarrhea. Acute (short- term) exposure of humans to naphthalene by inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact is associated with hemolytic anemia, damage to the liver, and neurological damage. Naphthalene (NA) was shown to be carcinogenic, causing respiratory epithelial adenoma in the nasal cavity of male F344 rats and olfactory epithelial neuroblastoma in female F344 rats at exposure concentrations of 10-60 ppm in a 2-year inhalation study conducted by the National Toxicology Program. Naphthalene is a primary irritant upon direct skin contact and may be acutely irritating to the eyes. (1992). Some of it may be bound to soil, where it can be taken up by plants. Naphthalene, a volatile organic compound found in moth repellants and petroleum-based fuels, has been shown to induce respiratory tract toxicity in both mice and rats during chronic inhalation exposures (NTP, 1992, 2000).Two-year inhalation studies demonstrated carcinogenicity in the form of increased incidence of nasal respiratory epithelium adenomas in male rats and olfactory epithelial . This can cause organ damage. OTHER ROUTES OF EXPOSURE 3.3.1. Acute Toxicity 3.3.1.1. Diapers and clothing stored with mothballs have caused skin . NA inhalation exposure induces the expression of several genes or pathways related to lung tumor . OSHA's former exposure limit for naphthalene was 10 ppm as an 8-hour TWA. Hemolytic anemia and methemoglobinemia are . Long-term exposure to low levels of naphthalene may increase your risk of developing cancer. NIH Publication No. Naphthalene causes lung toxicity in mice, but not rats, following either intraperitoneal injection or inhalation exposure. Introduction Naphthalene is commonly found in moth repellent products such as mothballs in developing countries. This article is for information only. retina. . Naphthalene 91-20-3 Hazard Summary Naphthalene is used in the production of phthalic anhydride; it is also used in mothballs. Naphthalene is toxic to humans through ingestion or inhalation. Poisoning from naphthalene destroys or changes red blood cells so they cannot carry oxygen. This article is for information only. ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Naphthalene. Though it is freely available around this country, poisoning has never been reported in the literature. If you or someone you are with has an exposure, call your local . Diarrhea can indicate naphthalene poisoning. . 22 Rats, however, were unaffected following inhalation exposure to naphthalene for four hours . Exposure to naphthalene commonly causes headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, and altered mental status. Acute exposure to naphthalene by inhalation, in-gestion, and dermal contact is associated with hemolytic anemia, damage to the liver, and neurological damage. DO NOT use it to treat or manage an actual poison exposure. Naphthalene is a white solid substance with a strong smell. Terminal Body Weights in Controls and in Fischer 344 Rats Exposed to Naphthalene by Gavage for 13 Weeks 7-8 Table 7-2. . Seek medical assistance to ensure that regular breathing is re-established. It is also found in transparent to brownish color. Coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath are all common side effects of moth ball inhalation. Symptoms of naphthalene poisoning include headache, dizziness, nausea, and fatigue. Clinically, patients present with acute onset of dark brown urine, watery diarrhea, and non-bloody bilious vomiting 48-96 hours after exposure. Naphthalene poisoning is a rare form of toxicity that may occur after ingestion, inhalation, or dermal exposure to naphthalene-containing compounds such as mothballs. Incidence and Severity of Nonneoplastic Lesions in the Noses of Rats in a Acute lung toxicity and carcinogenesis are thought to be related because the target sites for both are similar. Exposed to Naphthalene by Inhalation for Their Lifetime 7-15 Table 7-4. The most likely source of exposure to significant amounts of naphthalene is occupational inhalation of the vapour, since its principal use is in industry [1]. This can cause organ damage. Those with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency are especially susceptible. Naphthalene (mothball) is a commonly used deodorizer in the Indian subcontinent, including Sri Lanka. The . Exposure to naphthalene. 92-3141. Technical Report Series No. Human exposure to naphthalene (NA), an acute lung toxicant and possible human carcinogen, is primarily through inhalation. Naphthalene Poisoning. DESIGNATION OF NAPHTHALENE AS A CARCINOGEN: RISK ASSESSMENT FOR INHALATION EXPOSURE PATHWAYS AT HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES J P Christopher, B K Davis, J M Polisini, and M J Wade, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, Sacramento Presented at: 44th Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology New Orleans, Louisiana 10 March 2005 This article is for information only. tonga volcano eruption again biomedical science jobs san diego 813-731-9283 Looking for a Shuttle in the Tampa Bay Area? In humans, the inhalation of naphthalene vapor causes headache, loss of appetite, and nausea (Flury and Zernik 1931g/Ex. Naphthalene is an organic compound with formula C 10 H 8.It is the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and is a white crystalline solid with a characteristic odor that is detectable at concentrations as low as 0.08 ppm by mass. (APF = 50) Any air-purifying full-facepiece respirator equipped . Ingestion, either accidental or by deliberate self-harm, can occur due to its abundance as well as its candy-resembling appearance. What does naphthalene do to humans? Cataracts have also been reported in Camphor poisoning is not very common in childhood. This article is for information only. If you or someone you are with has an exposure, call your local . Vital sign abnormalities include . Click here for information on selection of N, R, or P filters.*. Environmental Eects: Moderate to low mobility in soil. The metabolite of naphthalene (usually -naphthol) is the main cause of poisoning. The prognosis of Naphthalene Poisoning is dependent on the amount of substance consumed, time between exposure and treatment, severity of the symptoms, as well as general health status of the patient If the individual can recover from the symptoms, with appropriate medication and prompt medical support, the outcome can be good. Naphthalene has been detected in untreated ambient ground water samples. The final rule retains this TWA and adds a short-term limit of 15 ppm for this substance . If you or someone you are with has an exposure, call your local . (APF = 10) Any air-purifying half-mask respirator with organic vapor cartridge (s) in combination with an N95, R95, or P95 filter. The onset of action is very rapid (5-15 minutes). The most reliable human data available come from a controlled skin exposure study, but the inhalation PBPK model does not include a skin exposure route; therefore, we extended the model . This is because it is a known carcinogen that can bind to DNA and cause mutations that lead to cancer . 3.3. from mothballs). 1-3, p. 420 . . Poisoning from naphthalene destroys or changes red blood cells so they cannot carry oxygen. The woman, her 4-year-old daughter, and seven relatives living in two other households where mothballs were extensively used, had symptoms and medical findings compatible with naphthalene exposure--headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, malaise, confusion, anemia, icterus, and renal disease. DO NOT use it to treat or manage an actual poison exposure. Naphthalene poisoning (or mothball poisoning) is a form of poisoning that occurs when naphthalene is ingested. The common manifestations are confusion, restlessness, delirium, and hallucinations, muscle twitching, myoclonus, ataxia, hyperreflexia, fasciculations, and seizures. Most naphthalene in the environment will turn into a gas. 1-995; Patty 1949b, as cited in ACGIH 1986/Ex. Exposure to Naphthalene in Media Other than Water 5-8 Table 7-1. 410. This can cause organ damage. Use of naphthalene balls as chronic inhalant abuse was however reported by Weintraub et al., which was associated with chronic neuropathy and chronic renal failure. Naphthalene inhalation exposure is well known to produce respiratory lesions, so lack of reported blinding was flagged as a potential concern in studies . A published inhalation PBPK model for naphthalene was previously shown to predict rodent PK data well, so we sought to evaluate this model using human PK data. Severe poisoning can result in haemolytic anaemia. Naphthalene is a white solid substance with a strong smell. This can cause organ damage. CAREX defines exposure to naphthalene as inhalation exposure at work at levels exceeding those encountered in non-occupational settings, such as exposure due to inhaling urban air (i.e. However, the general public may be exposed to naphthalene through inhalation of smoke from burning fossil fuels or wood, or from inhaling vehicle exhaust fumes. View complete answer on epa.gov. Acute exposure can even lead to temporary blindness or cataracts. Human. If you or someone you are with has an exposure, call your local . Even small doses of camphor can cause serious toxicity and is potentially fatal. Naphthalene is a white solid substance with a strong smell. A reference concentration (RfC) for inhalation exposure to naphthalene has not been derived (U.S. EPA, 1991, 1992). NTP: Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of naphthalene in B6C3F1 mice (inhalation studies). Humans, particularly children, have developed hemolytic anemia after ingesting mothballs or deodorant blocks containing naphthalene. Naphthalene is broken down by bacteria, fungi, air, and sunlight. Acute (short-term) exposure of humans to naphthalene by inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact is associated with hemolytic anemia, damage to the liver, and neurological damage. from incomplete combustion) and/or indoor air (i.e. Poisoning from naphthalene destroys or changes red blood cells so they cannot carry oxygen. Sources and route of human exposure Naphthalene toxicity may occur by all routes of exposure, whether by inhalation of vapours, ingestion and by dermal or ocular contact [1-3]. . [citation needed] Naphthalene was introduced in 1841 by Rossbach as an antiseptic to counteract typhoid fever.Although naphthalene was widely used industrially, only nine cases of poisoning have been reported since 1947 as of 1956 . In mice, the injury is dose-dependent and Clara cell-specific. After repeated administration of naphthalene, mouse Clara cells become tolerant to the naphthalene-induced injury that occurs following a single dose of . Classied as a Group C, possible human carcinogen. DO NOT use it to treat or manage an actual poison exposure. As an aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthalene's structure consists of a fused pair of benzene rings. As little as one mothball can result in toxicity in children. Naphthalene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), but exposure here is intended to . Accidental or intentional poisoning by naphthalene has been reported by swallowing, skin contact, and inhalation. The following filters may also be used: N99, R99, P99, N100, R100, P100. See annual publication for most recent information. 21 Clara cells are nonciliated bronchiolar cells containing P450 enzymes, the makeup and distribution of which are species dependent. To Naphthalene is generally white in color. It is well absorbed following oral, dermal and inhalation exposure. Headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps . Naphthalene is a white solid substance with a strong smell. DO NOT use it to treat or manage an actual poison exposure. Intentional naphthalene poisoning is very rare and we could not find many reports in the literature of suicidal naphthalene poisoning. Naphthalene Methemoglobinemia Hemolytic anemia Metabolic acidosis Seizures 1. It is best known as the main ingredient of traditional mothballs A 33-year-old Sri Lankan woman presented to us 2 days . Cataracts have also been reported in workers acutely exposed to naphthalene by inhalation and ingestion. Naphthalene exposure has been associated with cancer and noncancer health effects, with most of the evidence coming from animal studies and human case studies (ATSDR 2005; U.S. EPA 1998). Poisoning from naphthalene destroys or changes red blood cells so they cannot carry oxygen. It can also be deposited on plant leaves from the air. Breathing Trouble. 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