Elizabeth was eager to nullify the threat of the Auld Alliance (Scotland and France), which had been further reinforced by the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots and French King Francis II. The Student Room and The Uni Guide are both part of The Student Room Group. Am I doing my History A-Level coursework correctly? The strength of this relationship was shown by the fact that French troops were stationed on the English and Scottish border. Even though a truce was decided, there was still a constant threat from the Scots and French to the English security . Most of the fleet was then destroyed by storms. English sailors land at Roanoke to find it abandoned. Nevertheless, the answer has sustained conceptual focus and is wide-ranging in its analysis. This was one of the more serious courtships of Elizabeth's reign. Parents: Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. Explain why France was such a threat to Elizabeth when she - Brainly Elizabeths legitimacy becomes a problem because of this marriage. In 1595 Elizabeth had to deal with a rebellion in Ireland led by Tyrone and O'Donnell. One factor Elizabeth had to face, which was seen as a huge disadvantage, was her gender. why was france a threat to elizabeth in 1558 - Dovskapets.com The raid on Cadiz was a good strategic move by the English and not only weakened the Spanish, but strengthened the English. No Payment details required and completelyRisk Free. However, Elizabeth was fearful that a foreign husband would have not put the needs of England first. VAT reg no 816865400. Why didn't Mary and Francis have a child? - coalitionbrewing.com Boston House, Those involved planned for an invasion of England by French troops and were financed by Phillip II of Spain and the Pope. She changed the church back to Anglican and it has been the official . King Phillip had been preparing for an attack on England since 1585 and Marys execution made the situation worse with him even more determined to invade England. Medina Sidonia decided to retreat back to Spain and call off the attack on England. When Elizabeth's reign began in 1558 England was in the middle of a 'mid-Tudor crisis'. Company Reg no: 04489574. However, to say therefore increasing involvement was the responsibility of Elizabeth alone would be wrong. If this union between Scotland and France became something, Spain could help England by attacking France from below. She was the last monarch of the Tudor period. Tensions in the Netherlands increased greatly between 1576 and 1584. This forced the Spanish fleet to travel into the dangerous waters off the Scottish and Irish coasts. After Anne Boleyn was executed, Henry had the marriage annulled, effectively meaning that it never happened. A great threat was presented by Catholic opposition to Elizabeth's rule, but Mary's influence over this, and therefore the threat that she posed as an individual, may be called into question. Elizabeth and the Netherlands Issue - 1576-1584 (GCSE Example - Tutor2u As long as Mary was alive, the plots could always be deemed credible and many Catholics secretly wanted a return to Catholocism. The most formidable female leaders in history - Stars Insider They had enjoyed religious freedom under Queen Mary, Elizabeth's sister, and they were now being. The plots involved European conspirators and were supported by France, Spain and even the Pope. Many people did not want a foreigner influencing England policy. [A clear summary of the arguments, once more making the link between Mary, the Pope and Catholic interference.]. The plot was uncovered by Sir Francis Walsingham, who intercepted and read Babingtons letters to Mary. God blew and they were scattered - The National Archives Elizabeth was born on 7th September 1533 to Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. Elizabeth I faced more difficulties as a monarch than any other Tudor. PDF What problems did Elizabeth face in 1558? - WordPress.com English canons could also be reloaded more quickly than the Spanish ones allowing them to inflict greater damage. Seeing Spain as a threat, Elizabeth tried to form an alliance with France. Continue with Recommended Cookies. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th point + evidence. . In the eyes of the Spanish, Drake was a pirate however in the eyes of the English and Elizabeth, he was a patriot. Elizabeth I and Finances - History Learning Site Why religious compromise was so difficult. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. - Overall, I think the threat of invasion was one of Elizabeth's problems when she became queen as both Spain and France were powerful countries who had reasons to invade England and this was increased as Spain and France could unite against Protestant England. He even came to England to meet Elizabeth and she even announced before some of her courtiers that she would marry him. These ensured the plots were uncovered before they could be fully developed. Elizabeth was actually popular which meant those conspiring to overthrow her lacked public support. She replaced her Catholic half-sister Mary, who died childless. King Phillip tried to send two further Armadas in the 1590s however, both were unsuccessful. Mary, Queen of Scots, flees from Scotland to England. Henry himself gave people cause . Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! The reasons for, and significance of, the Revolt of the Northern Earls, 156970. Elizabeth also felt she had no right to execute a legitimate monarch but also, executing a queen could set a dangerous precedent that could undermine her own claim to rule by Divine Right and fuel more plots against her. One way in which Mary was central to the Catholic threat was through her part in various plots to overthrow Elizabeth. They believed privy council members such as William Cecil had become too powerful and instead wanted to remove those they deemed evil and replace them with councillors more sympathetic to their causes. By spring 1588, the Spanish Armada was complete and King Phillip was ready to launch his, The Armada was a huge fleet consisting of, The Spanish also had thousands of more soldiers stationed in the Netherlands under the command of the. He chose to sail around Scotland and Ireland which presented a dangerous route which the Spanish sailors were unfamiliar with. In January 1558, the french conquered Calais, England's last remaining territory on the European mainland. This established a new Anglo-Scottish peace and also reconfirmed the agreement at Cateau-Cambresis. Their union had brought peace between Spain and England, and Elizabeth's Privy Council hoped to maintain this. August 3rd - 4th: Spanish ships were outgunned and forced to move to Calais in France. Elizabeth chose to give direct help to the rebels by signing the Treaty of Nonsuch, which placed the Netherlands under her protection and promised military help. The Spanish Armada sailed in 1588 and was completely defeated by the English. What Challenges Did Elizabeth I Face As Queen? - HistoryExtra The imprisonment owed to her likely involvement in the murder of her second husband, Lord Darnley. The Northern Earls were unhappy and rebelled for several reasons: The Revolt of the Northern Earls was arguably the most serious rebellion during Elizabeths reign and presented a threat for a number of reasons: During the 1570s and 1580s, there were several plots by Catholics to assassinate Queen Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots. She was then third in line behind her Roman Catholic half-sister, Princess Mary. Spain had colonies in North and South America and Englands trade with them was very profitable, but foreigners needed a license to trade there. Why was the throckmorton plot a threat to elizabeth 12 marker? This was viewed as significant because it was seen as a means to increase trade, to expand Protestantism and to use the area as a base for attacks on Spanish colonies in the New World. In 1558, the same year Elizabeth became Queen of England, a number of She was able to fight off illness, rebellions . CLO History: What problems did Elizabeth face when she became - Quizlet In 1558, England and Spain were still allies against France, but King Philip of Spain (who had been married to Mary) hated Protestantism with a passion. However this union was appalling because he was Catholic was married to the previous queen, and a foreigner. Fearful of the wrath of Catholic powerhouses, France and Spain, Elizabeth did not want to be perceived as Europes leading Protestant. The war against France ended in 1559, and following Elizabeths accession, they tried to maintain good relations between the two countries. Spains forces in the Netherlands mutinied (as they hadnt been paid by the now bankrupt Spanish government). [This is a confident answer because it selects two reasons and links them together, showing a clear conceptual focus as well as wide-ranging knowledge]. Elizabeth and Philipthese two powerful peoplewould begin their relationship peacefully, even warmly, but they would become enemies, facing off in a battle of empires and faiths that would . "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 3rd point + evidence, - However Elizabeth was also faced with threats about her legitimacy and gender, "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 3rd explanation. However, the settlement was abandoned and no trace of the colonists was ever found. - I partly agree with the statement as both France and Spain were powerful Catholic countries, who could unite against Protestant England. Company Reg no: 04489574. They were also fearful that France would rekindle their loyalty to Scotland and threaten England from the north and south together. Many colonists this time were poverty-stricken Londoners (it was felt they would be used to hard work and would therefore be happy to work for a new life in the New World). The Student Room and The Uni Guide are trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. "The Scarlet Ibis" would be a different story if it were told from Doodle's point of view. The plot failed as it was discovered by Francis Walsingham, Elizabeths principal secretary and spymaster, who placed Throckmorton under surveillance for several months. Boston House, This interference greatly angered the Spanish and provoked the ire of many Catholics, who now no longer saw Elizabeth as a mediator of the status quo, but as an interfering, troublesome monarch. The English navy attempted some minor raids but they were largely ineffective as only 2 Spanish ships were lost, and these were by accident. Increased Catholic Threat to Elizabeth I (GCSE Example Answer This significantly committed Elizabeth to support the Dutch rebels directly against the Spanish. Phillip was warned against this mission but believed he was on a mission from God. Here is a summary timeline of key events for students taking Early Elizabethan England (1558-88). The accession of Elizabeth Tudor to the throne of England in November 1558 meant that Mary was, by virtue of her Tudor blood, next in line to the English throne. Elizabeth hesitated for several months, however, eventually signed Marys death warrant. During this journey, they encountered several powerful Atlantic storms and this resulted in many ships sinking or being wrecked on the Scottish and Irish coasts. Native American hostility occurred from the start, however. In 1554 Mary had Elizabeth imprisoned in the Tower of London, briefly threatened her with execution, and then placed her under house arrest. English exports to Europe were vital to the English economy and reached the European market via the Dutch ports, particularly Antwerp. Elizabeth's greatest problem in 1558 was the threat of invasion. 806 8067 22 Registered Office: Imperial House, 2nd Floor, 40-42 Queens Road, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 3XB, Taking a break or withdrawing from your course. More significantly, she was worried she would have to adopt a secondary role in the running of her country, as the period was very patriarchal. Elizabeth had taken the decision to arrest any Catholic bishops that did not accept her authority as sovereign over them. She pledged to finance an army of 7,400 English troops and placed Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, in charge of them. The Situation on Elizabeth's Accession | Mind Map - GoConqr He then banned English trade with the Netherlands for a period of time which damaged Englands economy and caused much hardship for the English people. This helps to explain why Elizabeth had to deal with so many plots, the intention of which was to replace Elizabeth with Mary. In 1485 - 1603 To What Extent Was The Government Of England - Phdessay 1. Best Answer. They Schools can qualify for all our resources for free. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. The threat of invasion was heavy as England was in the midst of strongly Catholic countries in Europe, who saw Elizabeth's Protestantism as a threat to their own countries and a major problem. In Europe, the 1570s saw some of the worst atrocities of the protracted fall-out of the Reformation. The aim was to rid France of heresy (Protestantism). Ironically the simple accession of Elizabeth in 1558 made any desire for a settlement so much more difficult. What made the Auld Alliance stronger at this time was the fact that Mary, Queen of Scots was married to the French Prince Francis II. One fact that should not be ignored from 1566 was the increasing role of the Pope and his determination to undermine Elizabeth. Why was the threat of invasion Elizabeth's biggest problem in 1558? King Philip of Spain sent an. She was reluctant to execute Mary as she was Queen of Scotland and she believed in Divine Right that rulers were sent by God to govern their country. Queen Elizabeth and King Phillip II were still reluctant to openly declare war with one another however, in 1585, this changed due to dispute over the Netherlands. Queen Elizabeth has confiscated large portions of land from the Earl of Northumberland and given it his main rivals in the north and south who were both Protestant. Anthony Babington, an English Catholic, wrote to Mary about the plot. Challenges To Elizabeth At Home And Abroad - Learndojo.org Englands victory over the Spanish navy in 1588 contributed to their development as a strong naval power to rival Spain. When Mary eventually gets pregnant, Francis is initially . The first question to ask yourself when revising for GCSE psychology is which exam board am I studying? - navy to firth of Forth. The Spanish had a greater army and Dudleys army was significantly smaller. Probably at the core of Elizabeth's decision to remain single was an unwillingness to compromise her power. The reasons for, and consequences of, the English victory. Elizabeth therefore committed actions that helped undermine the Spanish whilst ensuring England did not become fully embroiled in the conflict. The Duke of Medina Sidonia sailed up the Channel and anchored at Calais while waiting for reinforcements from the Duke of Parmas troops. Elizabeth I Skilful In Her Response To Threats History Essay There are 4 main exam boards which are AQA, Edexcel (Pearson), OCR and How To Revise For GCSE Psychology The ultimate step-by-step guide for students, teachers and private students. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. English ships departed from Plymouth to meet the Armada. Babington and other known plotters were hanged, drawn and quartered. The news of the rebellion caused widespread. Elizabeth I is by many historians considered one of England's greatest ever monarchs, which heralded the 'golden age' in English history. - send 2000 to rebels. The Spanish plan to meet the Duke of Parma at Dunkirk was seriously flawed. [The importance of dates and chronology help demonstrate the long- term impact of Marys presence, which helps support the initial judgement.]. PDF Mark Scheme (Stage 8 Sign Off) November 2020 The lack of money was problematic because it meant England was potentially vulnerable to attack (and Elizabeth had no means by which to defend the country militarily). The plots were often uncovered due to Elizabeths informants and Walsinghams highly efficient spy network. Which three countries were a threat to England and Elizabeth? Drake knew he wasnt able to attack this port with any realistic hope of success. Approximately 30 ships were destroyed and tonnes of supplies were also seized including food and weapons. As such, the Catholic community cited both religious and legal reasons why Elizabeth had no right to be Queen, which made her accession extremely problematic. Apply for student finance without a bank account? To counter homelessness and the begging/criminal activity that sometimes accompanied this, a law was passed that stated that, if found, vagrants were: 1) to be whipped and have a hole drilled through each ear 2) if found a second time would be imprisoned 3) would be killed if found a third time. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. This time, however, the evidence gathered by Walsingham was enough to persuade Elizabeth to put Mary on trial. migration? Describe two features of the Rebellion of the Norther earls 1559 7. -In 1558, Elizabeth the first became queen. Importantly though, the arrival of Mary Queen of Scots in England did more to embolden the threat of Catholicism. Norfolk was killed in 1572. -Threats from Catholics in the middle years were significant e.g. The Catholic threat Many Catholics in England were not happy with Elizabeth's Settlement. Company Reg no: 04489574. Learning of the Spanish plans to build an Armada and invade England, Drakes mission was to try and stop this. You may use the following in your answer: Mary, Queen of Scots and foreign threat (12 marks) . [Referencing this date is very good, because it demonstrates to the examiner awareness of WHY the question includes this date in the first place. Pick a key scene from the story and tell it from the third-person limited point of view, through Doodle's senses and feelings. The English were worried about the threat of invasion and they attacked the Spanish ships as they sailed along the Channel, but the Armada was so strong that most of the ships reached Calais safely. Reasons why Philip used the Spanish Armada. Elizabeth had also claimed all the profits from copper mines that were discovered in his estates which meant he lost a significant amount of money too. From allies to enemies: Queen Elizabeth and King Philip - History The war with Spain continued for 15 years, but the Armada of 1588 was the last real serious Spanish threat to Elizabeths throne. he could also overthrow her. This plot was supported by the Pope and King Phillip II, who agreed to provide troops for a Spanish invasion. There were French troops in Scotland, and this posed a problem for Elizabeth and the security of England because England was still technically at war with France. In 1570, Pope Pius V excommunicated Elizabeth, encouraging Catholics everywhere to rise up and depose the heretic queen. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - conclusion. While a baby is born at various points throughout the show, Francis is not its father. Moreover, a child would create more stability domestically and nullify challenges to the throne (like that from Mary Queen of Scots) as a political vacuum would have been filled. Spain had become a great military power as Phillip ruled Spain, the Netherlands and parts of Italy. -Elizabeth forced to impose strict penalties against Catholics (penal laws) which enforced religious settlement and protected England against Catholic influence. It was the only major threat to Henry's security as monarch. Overview of Elizabeth I / 2022 Youth Conference - post conference 4 month challenge! The problems arose as she ruled an isolated protestant kingdom surrounded by catholic superpowers. The French Catholic League signed this treaty with Philip II of Spain. Led by two powerful Catholic landowners, Thomas Percy, Earl of Northumberland, and Charles Neville, Earl of Westmorland, this rebellions principal aims included the restoration of Catholicism to England, as well as the installation of Mary as Queen of England. The Council was controlled by southern Protestants and this caused resentment by the northern nobles. King Phillip II had been married to Queen Mary I of England and the two had been allies in a war against France in the 1550s. Become a Member | The Spanish Fury united both the Dutch Catholics and Protestants, who demanded in response to the violence: 1) the expulsion of all Spanish troops from the Netherlands 2) political freedom and 3) an end to religious hostility via the Spanish Inquisition. Another being the English sympathy to the protestant rebels on the Netherlands. When Mary, Queen of Scots arrived in England in 1568, replacing Elizabeth with Mary became a realistic possibility. Spouse: None. The features and significance of the Ridolfi, Throckmorton and Babington plots. Philip IIs decision to reorganise the Dutch government and church angered both the Dutch Catholics and the Protestants. Why Queen Elizabeth I signed a death warrant to execute the - HISTORY The plan was discovered and the Earls feared being executed for treason, so in a desperate attempt to escape punishment, they rebelled against Elizabeth and tried to overthrow her. Podcast: The Life and Significance of Alan Turing, Copyright The Historical Association 2023. England and Spain had tried to remain on good terms but a growing rivalry between them led to increased tensions. Their complete failure effectively ended any threat Spain posed to the English. Pope refused to accept the divorce and marriage and as a result Catholics in England in 1558 did not accept Elizabeth as a legitimate monarch. Describe two features of the Puritan challenge 6. The Ridolfi plot failed mostly due to Elizabeths allies passing the names of the main conspirators involved to her. Stimulus = Anne Boleyn / The threat from France, [Examiner commentary following each paragraph and at the end is provided in italics], ____________________________________________________. One was debt. In October 1586, Mary was found guilty of treason and sentenced to death. Boston House, 214 High Street, Between the period between 1577 and 1580, Drake sailed around the world and carried out a number of raids on Spanish settlements and ships. The execution of Mary, Queen of Scots eventually took place on 8th February 1587. [This summary of factors helps re- establish conceptual focus]. There are 4 main exam boards used in the UK. The death of Mary in November 1558 took England out of the equation. Importantly too, at different points these plots were orchestrated or sponsored by the Pope and Spain and were dependent on the support of English Catholics to work, demonstrating the increasing Catholic threat to Elizabeth, internationally and domestically. Phillip was warned against this mission but believed he was on a mission from God. This meant two of the most powerful European nations were now united against Protestantism, placing Elizabeth in a precarious position. Sir Robert Naunton recorded that the queen once said angrily to Leicester, when he tried to insist upon a favour, "I will have here but one mistress and no master." Elizabeth I - the last Tudor monarch - was born at Greenwich on 7 September 1533, the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. For two weeks of the second half of November, Catholic mass was heard at Durham Cathedral too (with all evidence of Protestantism destroyed). Mary served as a permanent reminder at home and abroad that there was a legitimate Catholic heir to the throne and, with the Popes blessing, willing Catholic rebels could convince themselves they were doing Gods work. Elizabeth offered support to the Protestant Henry IV of France but found him an difficult ally to get on with. The Spanish responded by doing the same to the English. 214 High Street, He saw Drake as a pirate and therefore deemed Elizabeths act as deliberately provocative. The loss of ships, weapons and supplies were proving incredibly costly for Spain as these needed to be replaced and obtaining fresh supplies put a strain on Spains finances. This caused panic among the Spanish sailors, who cut their anchor cables and broke their defensive formation as they headed for the open sea. Another danger was the risk Marys son, James VI of Scotland posted as he might seek revenge for his mothers death. The plots to overthrow Elizabeth failed for a number of reasons such as: In 1568, the Queens Spymaster, Francis Walsingham used his spy network to prove that Mary had supported the Babington Plot. To what extent should changes in the relationship between monarchy and

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