Results showed no significant differences between different physical-sport activities in the procedural variables of the study, shared flow [F(3, 261) = 0.218, p < 0.884] and perceived emotional synchrony [F(3, 261) = 1.56, p < 0.198]. Durkheim considered that collective activities implied that subjects shared the same mood and this evoked a mutual comforting sensation (Rimé et al., 2010). Csíkszentmihályi, M. (1990). Stevens demonstrated this by having us sing “Row, Row, Row Your Boat” in a round. 24, 168–188. Modified and postponed plans can still tap the surprising benefits we get from rituals. Rev. doi: 10.1174/021347413804756078, Páez, D., Rimé, B., Basabe, N., Wlodarczyk, A., and Zumeta, L. (2015). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). Collective effervescence refers to moments in societal life when the group of individuals that makes up a society comes together in order to perform a religious ritual. Questionnaires were completed by the students in the classrooms. Collective effervescence, then, has the potential to substitute the world immediately available to our perceptions for another, more moral world (Durkheim 1984 [1893]: 319) . Your Amazon Music account is currently associated with a different marketplace. Rev. It has been reformulated by Zumeta et al. These life-changing experiences either would not happen to a person alone or would be much harder to cultivate alone. In this way, the postulated effects of in-group identification on collective efficacy and also the indirect effects of share flow and emotional synchrony were significant because confidence intervals do not include the 0 value. This study shows the crucial role of perceived emotional synchrony to explain the positive effects of participation in collective gatherings, in this case, collective sport-physical activities. Collective effervescence (CE) is a perceived energy formed by a gathering of people as might be experienced at a sporting event, a carnival, a rave, or a riot. J. Soc. 5 likes. Particularly, perceived emotional synchrony during the physical-sport activity is a substantial process, enabling athletes to experience a higher collective efficacy, which would directly impact on their performance. Sports 24, 454–460. Finally, practical implications are discussed. J. Soc. El Movimiento 15-M: sus acciones como rituales, compartir social, creencias, valores y emociones [The 15-M Movement: their actions as rituals, social sharing, beliefs, values, and emotions]. The French sociologist Émile Durkheim (1858-1917) theorised that ‘collective effervescence’ — moments in which people come together in some form of unifying, excitement-inducing activity — is at the root of what holds groups Sporting events are a great example of this communal effervescence. Collective Effervescence belonging 1/23/2017 Protests, Parties, and Sports Games All Fill the Same Human Need The fruits of “collective effervescence” include meaning, connectedness, and happiness. New York, NY: W.H. Manage. Results show the ratio of the indirect effect to the total effect of in-group identification on collective efficacy (B = 0.56, SE = 0.13, 95% [0.343, 0.881]), composed of the perceived emotional synchrony ratio (B = 0.38, SE = 0.12, 95% [0.166, 0.656]), and the shared flow ratio (B = 0.17, SE = 0.08, 95% [0.030, 0.356]). Due to the ease with which emotions are mirrored, shared and spread among people who are co-present, a situation of emotional synchrony develops, thus entailing emotions and perceptions of similarity and unity: “we felt a strong, shared emotion,” “we feel the same, we are the same, we are one” (Collins, 2004; Rossano, 2012; Páez et al., 2013; von Scheve and Ismer, 2013). Finally, a significant effect of in-group identification (B = 0.51, SE = 0.16, t = 3.20, p = 0.001) and identity fusion (B = 0.32, SE = 0.14, t = 2.33, p = 0.021) on collective efficacy was found, confirmed by the total “accumulated” effect of the test [F(2, 245) = 57.04, p < 0.001], which was also significant. This study will shed some light over this question. 148, 435–455. A charismatic leader harnessing herd behavior might even motivate people to lose weight and eat healthier. A previous study conducted by Páez et al. To summarize, perceived emotional synchrony showed higher indirect effect size than shared flow upon collective efficacy. Collective efficacy represents one of the most studied psychosocial constructs given its implications for performance (Myers et al., 2004), and was initially defined as “the shared perception of a group of its efficacy to perform a behavior and to organize and execute the actions required to reach certain levels of achievement” (Bandura, 1997, p. 447; Martínez et al., 2011). These results provide substantial evidence that participation in collective physical activities promotes group identification, creates bonds between people, and bring participants to a stage of emotional synchrony and optimal experience. Swann, J. R., Polzer, J., Seyle, D., and Ko, S. (2004). doi: 10.1037/a0027038, Rutten, E. A., Schuengel, C., Dirks, E., Stams, G. J. J. M., Biesta, G. J. J., and Hoeksma, J. Enjoy the journey! 55, 674–695. Furthermore, a total effect between shared flow and collective efficacy is observed. The indirect effect is significant if the confidence interval does not exceed zero value (Preacher and Hayes, 2004; Hayes, 2013). Unlike what happens with individual physical activities, in the collective ones, participants hold a reciprocal relationship between them, which we believe reinforces collective efficacy. Let's dance together: synchrony, shared intentionality and cooperation. Hence, when shared flow and emotional synchrony are experienced among group members perceived efficacy as a group increases and consequently their performance. This version scale has been applied in several studies within the context of this study, showing reliability and structural validity with one common dimension (Bobowik et al., 2013). A group personality might sway a person to change his life for the better by giving up drugs or motivate the person to work toward social change by donating money to a charity or physically working for a charity. Psychol. Brit. Enhancing relaxation states and positive emotions in physicians through a mindfulness training program: a one-year study. Annu. Durkheim considered that collective activities implied that subjects shared the same mood and this evoked a mutual comforting sensation ( Rimé et al., 2010 ). An organizing framework for collective identity: articulation and significance of multidimensionality. Psychol., 05 January 2016 Collective emotions : perspectives from psychology, philosophy, and sociology edited by Christian von Scheve and Mikko Salmela （Series in affective science / editors, Richard J. Davidson, Paul Ekman, Klaus R. Scherer） Oxford University Press, 2014 When both of these elements are in place, the people in the group begin to change. The aforementioned considerations are useful for promoting subjective well-being, as well as to enhance collective efficacy and, ultimately, performance during sports training. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.95.1.144, Leo, F. M., Sánchez-Miguel, P. A., Sánchez-Oliva, D., Amado, D., and García-Calvo, T. (2011). Come together: two studies concerning the impact of group relations on personal space. In this sense, some research in other areas has shown that the fused persons respond to irrevocable ostracism from other group members by increasing their willingness to sacrifice themselves for the group (Gómez et al., 2011). (Donostia/San Sebastián). Sport Psychol. Mediation analysis (Figure 1) was used to study if the degree of in-group identification (X1) and identity fusion (X2) while performing a physical and sport group activity showed significant indirect effects on collective efficacy (Y) through shared flow (M1) and perceived emotional synchrony (M2). One of such interventions that can improve flow and other related positive affective states is mindfulness, a non-judgmental attentional training technique. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.134.4.504, van Zomeren, M., Spears, R., Fischer, A. H., and Leach, C. W. (2004). The physical and sports activities were classified by agreement between the main researchers of this investigation into four categories: (1) collective sports federated, (2) non-federated (e.g., football, basketball, handball, rugby, volleyball, water polo, rowing, regatta, rhythmic gymnastics, karate, and Basque ball), (3) Physical activities or sports in group (e.g., aerobics, indoor cycling, different types of dance -Basque, oriental, jazz-, kick boxing, different types of gymnastics, running, and climbing), and (4) Recreational physical activities involving other people (e.g., outdoors activities, such as, hiking, running, ski, walking, trekking, skating, cycling, horse riding, dancing, and extreme sports). According to Kessler and Hollbach (2005) group emotions take place in collective situations where the experienced identities result from being part of a group. Introduction'1' By examining The Elementary Forms , this short paper attempts to discuss the relation between "collective effervescence" and "symbolism" from a theoretical perspective. Both books give tools and insights into how to build collective effervescence. A social identity approach to person memory: group membership, collective identification, and social role shape attention and memory. J. Bandura, A. We watched the Klansmen pack up and leave. Identification exerts a predictive effect on shared flow, and additionally, shared flow is mediating the relationship between in-group identification and collective efficacy. J. Psychol. Experiencing flow: is doing it together better than doing it alone? We wish to express our deepest appreciation to the students who voluntarily participated in the project, especially to Daniela Alves, MD, and Susana Irazusta, PhD (RIP) for the cooperation and support provided in this research project. Table 1 shows the statistical descriptions, average, and standard deviation for each of the variables, as well as the bivariate correlations among them. During the past years, interest regarding the concept of efficacy from a collective point of view has grown. 119, 441–456. To test the indirect effects and calculate the effect size we use the PROCESS macro that calculated the ratio of the indirect effect to the total effect, that is to say, how much of the effect of X on Y operates indirectly through M (i.e., the proportion of the total effect that is mediated), and the ratio of the indirect effect to the direct effect (RM). Psychologist Shira Gabriel’s presentatio... n about "collective effervescence" states these effervescent experiences fill the human need for belonging in a way that most social psychology research — so long preoccupied with couples, families, and small groups — has tended to overlook. Put your money where your mouth is! There are two completely different sides to this phenomenon. 2: marked by or expressing an appealingly lively quality an effervescent person/personality a song with an effervescent melody She was a marvel with the press: fresh, direct, effervescent. Psychol. Psychol. It is comprised of 14 items measuring Solidarity (“I am in solidarity with the people in my group”); Satisfaction (“It is nice to be part of my group”); Centrality (“Belonging to my group is an important part of my identity”); Typical Similarity (“I am similar to a typical person of my group”); and Integration (“The individuals in my group have a lot in common with each other”). Stream Collective Effervescence by EricaJobe from desktop or your mobile device This mix was inspired by a Toad a recenlty met. Beauchamp, M. R. (2007). 20, 294–315. Psychol. 20, 720–731. Psicol. 47, 644–675. 35, 35–58. Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis. Collective Effervescence Collective effervescence Durkheim coined the term ‘collective effervescence’ to indicate how communal gatherings intensify, electrify and enlarge religious experience. In modern scholarship, scholars describe examples of where collective effervescence is found; music festivals, large sports stadiums, and so forth. This research aims to contribute to increase understanding of this concept by observing how collective processes related to shared flow and perceived emotional synchrony in sports and physical activities are variables that explain and also have a decisive influence on the perceived collective efficacy of groups. Riots are a good example of this. of “collective effervescence.” Specifically, unrelated visitors-spectators. This indicates that the level of fusion with the group increases perceived collective efficacy through perceived emotional synchrony, and not through shared flow. Second, a motivating force, such as a charismatic speaker, a social injustice, or even a sporting … Durkheim was doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143754, Collins, R. (2004). Collective effervescence plays a foundational role in the generation of society. The scale was originally derived from the Spanish version of Jackson and Marsh's Dispositional Flow Scale (1996) and its adaptation by García et al. Front. It was French sociologist Émile Durkheim who coined the term collective effervescence to describe how people build a group identity. Regression analysis confirmed a significant effect of in-group identification on shared flow (B = 0.41, SE = 0.07, t = 5.63, p < 0.001) and perceived emotional synchrony (B = 0.45, SE = 0.10, t = 4.60, p < 0.001). J. Pers. Conditional direct and indirect effects for each of the values of the moderator variable (0 = team sports vs. 1 = social exercise) were included. (2011). Wikibuy Review: A Free Tool That Saves You Time and Money, 15 Creative Ways to Save Money That Actually Work. Soc. A., Rapp Ricciardi, M., Archer, T., and Garcia, D. (2014). First, and according to our first hypothesis, we could confirm that both in-group identification and identity fusion with the group showed a total effect on collective efficacy. Brit. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9507.2010.00598.x, Salanova, M., Rodríguez-Sánchez, A. M., Schaufeli, W. B., and Cifre, E. (2014). Incidencia de la cooperación, la cohesión y la eficacia colectiva en el rendimiento en equipos de fútbol [Incidence of the cooperation, cohesion and collective efficacy on performance in football teams]. In this sense, different studies on various sports showed that athletes who experienced flow while practicing sports tended to enjoy more, derive more satisfaction, and display more concentration and control over their performance (Csíkszentmihályi, 1990; Jackson and Csíkszentmihályi, 2002; Moradi et al., 2014). Also, Lumsden et al. Aherne, C., Moran, A. P., and Lonsdale, C. (2011). 28, 19–35. High levels for shared flow and group identification were especially reported. In addition, fusion of identity could favor the construction of joint beliefs. In the early Twentieth century, Durkheim (1912) studied the consequences of mass collective activities. Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control. Brit. In this sense, a series of experimental studies and interviews have shown how shared in-group membership may enable intra-group trust, more cooperation and comfort in close physical proximity, and a decrease in stress (Drury et al., 2009; Novelli et al., 2010). Pers. A phenomenological analysis of coping effectiveness in golf. Collective Effervescence by EricaJobe published on 2019-06-08T20:13:06Z. In sports psychology, collective efficacy is a very important construct aimed at enhancing performance in team sports. The results confirm an indirect effect of in-group identification on collective efficacy through shared flow; however, this indirect relation was not found with identity fusion. Cronbach's α = 0.97. “Validity of Spanish version of multi-component ingroup identification scale,” in 12th ECPA Conference, July, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain. Results suggest that both psychosocial processes explain the positive effects of in-group identification and identity fusion with the group in collective efficacy. A communal joy, a celebration shared by many. Front. These preceding elements concur in stimulating participants' emotional arousal in such a way that they will experience and enact similar emotional states. First, the group of people needs to be focused collectively on a single idea or outcome. (2015) to assess the degree in which participants experienced an emotional contagion or shared emotion condition (e.g., “We felt a strong, shared emotion”), and perceived synchrony with others (e.g., “We all acted as if we were one person”). doi: 10.3758/BF03206553, Reddish, P., Fischer, R., and Bulbulia, J. During these moments, the group comes together and communicates in the same thought and participates in the same action, which serves to unify a group of individuals. Other examples of interventions include cognitive restructuring and relaxation, just to cite a few. Sport Exerc. This book is largely based on studies of Australian aborigines. Soc. Drury, J., Cocking, C., and Reicher, S. (2009). Participants selected the following physical and sport activities performed during leisure time: (1) competitive federated collective or team sports (24.2%); (2) non-federated collective sports (10.8%); (3) physical activities or sports in group (14.1%); and (4) recreational physical activities or free time with other people (50.9%). However, individual flow has been associated with a greater degree of concentration in the task and with an increase in athlete's self-efficacy (Nicholls et al., 2005; Salanova et al., 2014). Something different happens with in-group identification. Groups of fans gathered either in someone's house, around the television, or a crowd gathered in a stadium, however, will often become emotionally and physically involved in the outcome of one of the teams. Therefore, the hypothesis was confirmed in the case of in-group identification, but not for identity fusion in the group. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071182, Reicher, S., and Haslam, S. A. This is a single-group, cross-sectional observational study based on different scales applied to university students. Csíkszentmihályi (1990) considered collective gatherings or rituals as “affordances that a society offers to its members in order to allow them to meet optimal experiences under socially desirable forms” (p. 432). From this perspective, identity fusion and in-group identification are two distinct aspects: Identity fusion occurs when social identity becomes an essential component of our personal self-concept (Swann et al., 2012), whereas individuals identified with the group share certain prototypical features with other group members that are not essential to their individual personal identities (Gómez et al., 2011). These findings remark the utility of collective actions and social identities to explain the psychosocial processes related to collective efficacy in physical and sports activities. Conditional indirect effects of Xi (in-group identification and fusion with the group) on Y (collective efficacy) through Mi (shared flow and perceived emotional synchrony) as a function of a moderator W, (e.g., type of task, a categorical variable composed by team sports vs. social exercise), were calculated. Therefore, the relevance and novelty of this study has been to demonstrate the importance of group identification in its different forms (in-group identification and fusion with the group), and the substantial role of perceived emotional synchrony and shared flow as mechanisms that can explain group effects during collective gatherings, including physical activities. 29, 9–27. The leadership of Saint John’s was horrified by the president’s willingness to use the Bible and their beloved church building as props for a photo op. This scale was developed by Páez et al. “Flow in non achievement situations,” in Advances in Flow Research, ed S. Engerser (New York: NY: Springer), 87–107. (1997). As for our third hypothesis, perceived emotional synchrony has shown an indirect effect on the relationship among in-group identification and identity fusion with collective efficacy. University students (Physical, Education Sports, and Social Sciences students) voluntarily participated in the study. We’re surrounded by them. Psicothema 23, 503–509. The following hypotheses were formulated: (H1) In-group identification and identity fusion will have direct effects on collective efficacy; (H2) Shared flow will mediate the relation between in-group identification and collective efficacy (H2a), and between identity fusion with the group and collective efficacy (H2b); (H3) Perceived emotional synchrony will mediate the relationship between in-group identification and collective efficacy (H3a), and between identity fusion and collective efficacy (H3b). 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