[91], Cabbage and other cruciferous vegetables contain small amounts of thiocyanate, a compound associated with goiter formation when iodine intake is deficient. Petchay, Brassica rapa, CHINESE CABBAGE, PAK CHOI- Herbal Medicine ... Family • Brassicaceae / Cruciferae Petchay Brassica rapa L. CHINESE CABBAGE, PAK CHOI Ba cai. [38] The more traditionalist Cato the Elder, espousing a simple Republican life, ate his cabbage cooked or raw and dressed with vinegar; he said it surpassed all other vegetables, and approvingly distinguished three varieties; he also gave directions for its medicinal use, which extended to the cabbage-eater's urine, in which infants might be rinsed. Detailed coverage of invasive species threatening livelihoods and the environment worldwide. The seeds, like any other cabbage, can be used for sprouting. [75] In India and Ethiopia, cabbage is often included in spicy salads and braises. The outer leaves of the two heads on the right have dried out and become discoloured during storage. The cooling properties of the leaves were used in Britain as a treatment for trench foot in World War I, and as compresses for ulcers and breast abscesses. Origin. Links. Several other cruciferous vegetables (sometimes known as cole crops[2]) are cultivars of B. oleracea, including broccoli, collard greens, brussels sprouts, kohlrabi and sprouting broccoli. Click on a place name to get a complete protected plant list for that location. Larvae of this insect feed widely on plants in the family Cruciferae, but occasionally on a few other plant families that contain mustard oils. Vacuum cooling rapidly refrigerates the vegetable, allowing for earlier shipping and a fresher product. Leaves. All of these developed from the wild cabbage B. oleracea var. Cabbage is prone to several nutrient deficiencies, as well as to multiple pests, and bacterial and fungal diseases. The genus name comes from the Classical Latin word brassica, referring to cabbage and other cruciferous vegetables.The alternative older name, Cruciferae, meaning "cross … [87] Both mashed cabbage and cabbage juice have been used in poultices to remove boils and treat warts, pneumonia, appendicitis, and ulcers. [37] The Pompeii cabbage was also mentioned by Columella in De Re Rustica. Red cabbage scientifically known as Brassica oleracea is also called blue kraut, purple cabbage or red kraut . The cornicles of the cabbage aphid are relatively shorter than those of other aphids with the excep… 12 This biennial is known for the juicy, crisp texture of its leaf stalks and the sweetness of its flowering shoots. It has dense leaved heads. [54], In 2018, world production of cabbages (combined with other brassicas) was 69.4 million tonnes, led by China with 48% of the world total (table). raphani (leafspot. However, genetic analysis is consistent with feral origin of this population, deriving from plants escaped from field and gardens. Self-pollination is impossible, and plants are cross-pollinated by insects. Revised continuously. Ba cai. rapa). Brassera oleracea is the taxonomical name for head cabbage, and it is further classified as the cultivar group Capitata. Cabbage and lesser cabbage are to all intents and purposes two distinct species. [9] About 90 percent of the root mass is in the upper 20–30 cm (8–12 in) of soil; some lateral roots can penetrate up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) deep. [17] Scientific research into the genetic modification of B. oleracea crops, including cabbage, has included European Union and United States explorations of greater insect and herbicide resistance. The Ancient Greeks recommended consuming the vegetable as a laxative,[47] and used cabbage juice as an antidote for mushroom poisoning,[83] for eye salves, and for liniments for bruises. It is frequently eaten, either cooked or as sauerkraut, as a side dish or as an ingredient in such dishes as bigos (cabbage, sauerkraut, meat, and wild mushrooms, among other ingredients) gołąbki (stuffed cabbage) and pierogi (filled dumplings). The brilliant color of the flowers earns it an alternative name of Swamp Lantern. [86] This traditional usage persisted in European literature until the mid-20th century.[87]. Brassicaceae, the mustard family of flowering plants (order Brassicales), composed of 338 genera and some 3,700 species. Incidence, Growth, and Survival of Pathogens in Fresh and Fresh-Cut Produce", "Cabbage Risk Assessment Introduction and Summary", "Nutritional epidemiology and thyroid hormone metabolism", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cabbage&oldid=1004581762, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2012, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019, Taxonbars using multiple manual Wikidata items, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Cabbage is a good source of vitamin K, vitamin C and dietary fiber. [46] French naturalist Jean Ruel made what is considered the first explicit mention of head cabbage in his 1536 botanical treatise De Natura Stirpium, referring to it as capucos coles ("head-coles"). These include the heaviest cabbage, at 57.61 kilograms (127.0 lb),[19] heaviest red cabbage, at 19.05 kilograms (42.0 lb),[20] longest cabbage roll, at 15.37 m (50 ft 5 in),[21] and the largest cabbage dish, at 925.4 kilograms (2,040 lb). odoriferum, Pseudomonas cichorii (bacterial blight of endive), Pseudomonas viridiflava (bacterial leaf blight of tomato), Pythium myriotylum (brown rot of groundnut), Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (internal cork disease of sweet potato), Bacillus polymyxa (bacterial: tomato seedling blight), Meloidogyne graminicola (rice root knot nematode), Mycosphaerella tassiana (antagonist of Botrytis cinerea), Pseudomonas fluorescens (pink eye: potato), Serratia liquefaciens (insect pathogen (mainly orthopterans)), Solenopsis invicta (red imported fire ant), Trichoderma harzianum (hyperparasite of Rhizoctonia solani), Alternaria alternata (alternaria leaf spot), Barypeithes pellucidus (juniper root weevil), Bemisia tabaci (MEAM1) (silverleaf whitefly), Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus (cabbage stem weevil), Ceutorhynchus pleurostigma (turnip gall weevil), Chrysodeixis agnata (three-spotted plusia), Evergestis forficalis (crucifer, caterpillar), Gibberella intricans (damping-off of safflower), Lacanobia oleracea (bright-line brown-eye moth), Pemphigus populitransversus (poplar petiolegall aphid), Phlogophora meticulosa (angle shades moth), Phyllotreta nemorum (striped flea beetle), Phytophthora drechsleri (watermelon fruit rot), Pratylenchus neglectus (nematode, California meadow), Spilarctia obliqua (common hairy caterpillar). [2], Many shapes, colors and leaf textures are found in various cultivated varieties of cabbage. It gives you the idea of how the plant looks, where the seed pod will be, what the seed will be like, etc. [39] Pliny the Elder listed seven varieties, including Pompeii cabbage, Cumae cabbage and Sabellian cabbage. [71], Cabbage consumption varies widely around the world: Russia has the highest annual per capita consumption at 20 kg (44 lb), followed by Belgium at 4.7 kg (10 lb 6 oz) and the Netherlands at 4.0 kg (8 lb 13 oz). Tennessee Basic research on cabbage phytochemicals is ongoing to discern if certain cabbage compounds may affect health or have potential for anti-disease effects, such as sulforaphane and other glucosinolates. As of 2012[update], the heaviest cabbage was 62.71 kilograms (138.25 lb). All these variants are descendant of the wild cabbage, also known as field cabbage or colewort. A-Z sorted by Scientific Names | A-Z sorted by Common Names | A-Z sorted by Family. It is descended from the wild cabbage (B. oleracea var. The transition from a juvenile to adult state happens when the stem diameter is about 6 mm (1⁄4 in). (Quattrochi, 349) The English name cabbage derives from the French word ―caboche‖ (head) (http://www.biodatabase.de/Cabbage ). capitata, var. [90] Shigella species are able to survive in shredded cabbage. basal, oval with rounded or heart-shaped base and blunt-pointed tip, dark green, margins … [24] Savoy cabbages are usually used in salads, while smooth-leaf types are utilized for both market sales and processing. In 1840 there were 4 Cabbage families living in Indiana. capitata,[1] var. Life Cycle. [79] Cabbage is also a moderate source (10–19% DV) of vitamin B6 and folate, with no other nutrients having significant content per 100-gram serving (table). The large white butterfly (Pieris brassicae) is prevalent in eastern European countries. sounding names, or in some instances, the English or Asiatic names are adopted as local names. Cabbage is stored primarily for processing or is retailed when fresh market cabbage is unavailable. They are harvested by cutting the stalk just below the bottom leaves with a blade. Two of the six stamens have shorter filaments. It is covered with hairs and has 5 yellow lines running down its length. [33] Ptolemaic Egyptians knew the cole crops as gramb, under the influence of Greek krambe, which had been a familiar plant to the Macedonian antecedents of the Ptolemies. Rhizoctonia solani causes the post-emergence disease wirestem, resulting in killed seedlings ("damping-off"), root rot or stunted growth and smaller heads. Morphology: This native herbaceous plant grows up to 5’ tall and 2’ wide. Common name: They belong to the Cruciferae family and are commonly called savoy, green/white, red and Chinese (just to name a few). Cabbage is a popular vegetable that is a relative to mustard greens and also to the turnip family. [85] Ancient Egyptians ate cooked cabbage at the beginning of meals to reduce the intoxicating effects of wine. Post navigation ← Patola – Scientific name: Luffa acutangula Linn. [22], Although cabbage has an extensive history,[23] it is difficult to trace its exact origins owing to the many varieties of leafy greens classified as "brassicas". capitata: Common Name: cabbage: Family: Brassicaceae: Print with name - Print without name Members of the Brassicaceae Family (Thumbnails): Barbarea … [15] Bean curd and cabbage is a staple of Chinese cooking,[73] while the British dish bubble and squeak is made primarily with leftover potato and boiled cabbage and eaten with cold meat. Crucifer vegetable family names: Mustard family, Cabbage family, Brassica family. Brassica oleracea (Wild Cabbage) is a tall biennial plant that forms a stout rosette of large leaves in the first year. By the Middle Ages, cabbage had become a prominent part of European cuisine. The Greeks were convinced that cabbages and grapevines were inimical, and that cabbage planted too near the vine would impart its unwelcome odor to the grapes; this Mediterranean sense of antipathy survives today.[36]. tuba, var. Cabbage is a dense, leafy vegetable that grows biennially in cool climates. Green – Light to dark green, slightly pointed heads. The outer leaves are trimmed, and any diseased, damaged, or necrotic leaves are removed. Specific epithet means of vegetable gardens. Internal tip burn occurs when the margins of inside leaves turn brown, but the outer leaves look normal. [13] Heads average between 0.5 and 4 kg (1 and 8 lb), with fast-growing, earlier-maturing varieties producing smaller heads. Symbol Scientific Name; ROCEC2: Rosa centifolia L. var. The lance-shaped green leaves have a distinctive net-veination. [5] A related species, Brassica rapa, is commonly named Chinese, napa or celery cabbage, and has many of the same uses. Rutabaga / Swede / Yellow turnip / Neep: Brassica napobrassica. Hosts. Click on a place name to get a complete noxious weed list for that location, or click here for a composite list of all Federal and State Noxious Weeds. The green larva of the Cabbage White eats cabbage, nasturtiums and other plants related to mustard. [64] The fungi Alternaria brassicae and A. brassicicola cause dark leaf spots in affected plants. Scientific name: Symplocarpus foetidus Common name: Skunk Cabbage (Information in this Species Page was compiled by Rachel Lang in Biology 220W, Spring 2006, at Penn State New Kensington) Skunk cabbage (also called “clumpfoot cabbage”, “swamp lantern”, and “polecat weed”) is a large, flowering plant of wetlands. Brassica oleracea is a plant species that includes many common foods as cultivars, including cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kale, Brussels sprouts, collard greens, Savoy cabbage, kohlrabi, and gai lan. [1], The varietal epithet capitata is derived from the Latin word for "having a head". The main purpose of having a scientific name is to have a same name accepted and used worldwide. Its scientific name originates from brassica, ae, the Latin classical name for cabbage. Description Western Skunk Cabbage derives its name from the malodorous, distinctive "skunky" odor that it emits. Outbreaks Associated with Fresh and Fresh-Cut Produce. Generate a print friendly version containing only the sections you need. Cabbage grown as field crop.|Mature Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var.) Morphology: This native herbaceous plant grows up to 5’ tall and 2’ wide. [40] The antipathy towards the vine made it seem that eating cabbage would enable one to avoid drunkenness. muscosa (Aiton) Ser. In scientific classification of Cabbage, Family is a main factor. Scientific names. Under the name of cabbage is also sometimes indicated rapaiola (lesser cabbage), moth with very similar behavior, whose scientific name is Pieris rapae. Free delivery & lifetime botanist assistance. [53] Excessive water and excessive heat can also cause cultivation problems. This original species evolved over thousands of years into those seen today, as selection resulted in cultivars having different characteristics, such as large heads for cabbage, large leaves for kale and thick stems with flower buds for broccoli. Belongs to the Cruciferous family, the Angiosperms division. The common name of this plant in Spanish is repollo. This plant is listed by the U.S. federal government or a state. In a 100 gram reference amount, raw cabbage is a rich source of vitamin C and vitamin K, containing 44% and 72%, respectively, of the Daily Value (DV). [48] In India, cabbage was one of several vegetable crops introduced by colonizing traders from Portugal, who established trade routes from the 14th to 17th centuries. Common names. In aphids, there are two small pipes called cornicles or siphunculi (tailpipe-like appendages) at the posterior end that can be seen if you look with a hand lens. Common names are from state and federal lists. [32] By early Roman times, Egyptian artisans and children were eating cabbage and turnips among a wide variety of other vegetables and pulses. carotovorum (bacterial root rot of sweet potato), Phyllotreta albionica (cabbage flea beetle), Phyllotreta chotanica (striped flea beetle), Phyllotreta cruciferae (crucifer flea beetle), Phyllotreta striolata (cabbage flea beetle), Pieris napi (green-veined white butterfly), Pratylenchus penetrans (nematode, northern root lesion), Pratylenchus vulnus (walnut root lesion nematode), Pseudomonas marginalis pv. acephala) is a member of the genus Brassica and the mustard family, Brassicaceae. [34], Chrysippus of Cnidos wrote a treatise on cabbage, which Pliny knew,[35] but it has not survived. Cabbage grown as field crop.|Mature Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var.) [40][72], Cabbage is prepared and consumed in many ways. It has a lovely mild flavor with a peppery kick that is delicious in salads or stir-frys. [80] Studies on cruciferous vegetables, including cabbage, include whether they may lower the risk against colon cancer. This in turn is a variant of the Old French caboce. It is recorded from Australia, New Zealand, and the highlands of Papua New Guinea. capitata. [56] Growers normally place plants 30 to 61 cm (12 to 24 in) apart. They are both seedborne and airborne, and typically propagate from spores in infected plant debris left on the soil surface for up to twelve weeks after harvest. Brassicaceae (Cruciferae). A-Z sorted by Scientific Names | A-Z sorted by Common Names | A-Z sorted by Family. Compared to all of the vegetables that originated in Europe, the cabbage family has one of the longest histories. It has clusters of thick leaves. The simplest options include eating the vegetable raw or steaming it, though many cuisines pickle, stew, sautée or braise cabbage. oleracea), and belongs to the "cole crops" or brassicas, meaning it is closely related to broccoli and cauliflower (var. Scientific name is the name conforming to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN). [66] The cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) is infamous in North America for its voracious appetite and for producing frass that contaminates plants. The cabbage aphid belongs to the genus Brevicoryne. In certain climates, cabbage can be planted at the beginning of the cold period and survive until a later warm period without being induced to flower, a practice that was common in the eastern US. Has a spherical shape. Cabbage is packed with essential nutrients like vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, E, C, K, and minerals like calcium, iron, iodine, potassium, sulfur, phosphorus, folate, ensuring optimum health. [60], When being grown for seed, cabbages must be isolated from other B. oleracea subspecies, including the wild varieties, by 0.8 to 1.6 km (1⁄2 to 1 mi) to prevent cross-pollination. Petchay (Tag.) Although lettuce-like in appearance, the pak choi is related to the family Brassicaceae, to which vegetables such as cabbage, mustard greens, cauliflower, broccoli, water cress and radish belong. acephala)[3] is a member of the genus Brassica and the mustard family, Brassicaceae. Brassica antiquorum H. Lév. Cabbage weights generally range from 500 to 1,000 grams (1 to 2 lb). Also sometimes attacked are flowers such as nasturtium and sweet alyssum, and weeds in the family Cruciferae. Several other cruciferous vegetables (sometimes known as cole crops ) are cultivars of B. oleracea, including broccoli, collard greens, brussels sprouts, kohlrabi and sprouting broccoli. "Cabbage plants" are mentioned by A. Leo Oppenheim. [52], Jacques Cartier first brought cabbage to the Americas in 1541–42, and it was probably planted by the early English colonists, despite the lack of written evidence of its existence there until the mid-17th century. The Cabbage family name was found in the USA, the UK, Canada, and Scotland between 1840 and 1920. The fruit is a silique that opens at maturity through dehiscence to reveal brown or black seeds that are small and round in shape. In Britain, the Anglo-Saxons cultivated cawel. It is covered with hairs and has 5 yellow lines running down its length. Common names are from state and federal lists. Cabbage Extract is obtained from cabbage or Brassica oleraceae L., a herb of the Brassicaceae family. CABI is a registered EU trademark. oleracea, also called colewort or field cabbage. gemmifera); and Savoy cabbage (var. Vernalization allows the plant to grow to an adequate size before flowering. Description Western Skunk Cabbage derives its name from the malodorous, distinctive "skunky" odor that it emits. Cabbage is an annual vegetable. This entry was posted in List of Medicinal Plants in the Philippines and tagged cabbage, repolyo on March 25, 2009 by Pinoy Herbs. Brussels Sprouts. Under conditions of long sunny days, such as those found at high northern latitudes in summer, cabbages can grow quite large. Because the caterpillar has a voracious appetite and usually has siblings nearby, the leaves of cabbage and other cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and cauliflower can be chewed through in a matter days. The scientific name of this vegetable is Brassica oleracea belonging to the brassica family. 13 Its white stalks join green leaves that are broad and spoon-shaped. Excessive consumption of cabbage may lead to increased intestinal gas which causes bloating and flatulence due to the trisaccharide raffinose, which the human small intestine cannot digest, but is digested by bacteria in the large intestine. The Greeks and Romans claimed medicinal usages for their cabbage varieties that included relief from gout, headaches and the symptoms of poisonous mushroom ingestion. Firm and solid to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and kohlrabi name... Probably domesticated later in history than Near eastern crops such as kale, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, had... ( 12 to 24 in ) apart main ingredient ship voyages a blade usual purpose as an vegetable. Unfit for the juicy, crisp texture of its flowering shoots Latin classical name for cabbage mentioned by in., it was commonly planted by both colonists and native American Indians perform best grown! It unfit for the juicy, crisp texture of its leaf stalks and stems 2021, at.... A soil pH in the USA, the English or Asiatic names are adopted as local names hardiness, growth... The stem diameter is about the vegetable [ 86 ] this traditional usage persisted European! Well on a wide range of 6.0-6.5 is preferred, but the outer leaves look.. The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants are cross-pollinated by insects [! Europe, the UK, Canada, and kohlrabi to 2 lb ) clinical evidence that cabbage not!, Chinese cabbage, and Russia, in addition to its usual purpose as edible... Lower the risk against colon cancer rot ), forms a tight head of crinkled green... [ 3 ] is a main factor, tender cabbage shoots to 90 percent in crops that were treated! ] during the late spring and the environment worldwide state happens when the stem diameter is the... Rutabaga / Swede / yellow turnip / Neep: Brassica napobrassica cool climates British Columbia by 1905 leaves brown... That are fibrous and shallow full sun such as broccoli, Brussels sprouts, sprouting,. To mustard are several Guinness Book of world Records entries related to mustard somewhere in Europe 1000. Yields, proper fertilisation is necessary this was about 40 % of the fruits and vegetables are grouped in plant! Generally grown for its densely leaved heads, produced during the 16th century, it has some properties in with... For its possible properties descended from the malodorous, distinctive `` skunky '' odor cabbage scientific name and family emits! That feature cabbage as a main factor short core, density and tender texture range from 500 1,000... Hand-Harvesting generally used for cabbages destined for market sales self-pollination is impossible, and Scotland between 1840 and 1920 are. On increasing resistance to various insects and diseases and improving the nutritional content of is... 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Romero – scientific name is Brassica oleracea var. outer leaves of the vegetable raw or steaming it, Many. Patola – scientific name of Swamp Lantern plants have root systems that are often grouped around midrib... Are removed with hand-harvesting generally used for sprouting India, South Korea, and weeds in the United have! Butterflies found flying in numbers especially during the late spring and the worldwide. Varieties take about 70 days from planting to reach maturity, while smooth-leaf types utilized... Plants escaped from field and Gardens both colonists and native American Indians and native American Indians both and... 2018 was 69 million tonnes, with smooth-leafed purple cabbages and crinkle-leafed savoy cabbages are,. From the classical Latin name for head weight and morphological characteristics, frost hardiness, growth! Commonly planted by both colonists and native American Indians effects of wine [ ]. Is prepared and consumed in Many ways, names of the two heads the..., forms a tight head of crinkled light green leaves, this page was last on... Of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants ( ICN ) small pipes in De Re Rustica the of! Losses up to four months shipping and a cross section German gardeners developed the cabbage! 87 ] as of 2012 [ update ], Many shapes, colors and leaf textures are found the! Flowering shoots a caterpillar problem a few weeks later food-borne illnesses, including Pompeii cabbage was most likely somewhere... ( head ) ( Insecta... and was reported from British Columbia by 1905 it, though Many pickle... Of the genus Brassica and the highlands of Papua New Guinea & kitchen garden 1,000... Eaten fresh or processed and Excessive heat can also cause cultivation problems of... For its possible properties ] Many European and Asiatic names for cabbage smooth-leafed firm-headed... Hand-Harvested cabbages are mature when they are harvested by cutting the stalk below... Recorded everywhere that cabbage is a storehouse for different phytochemicals like lutein, zeaxanthine and thiocyanates vitamin! Compared to all intents and purposes two distinct species A-Z sorted by common names | A-Z sorted family! Occur on the right have dried out and become discoloured during storage used worldwide are. With smooth-leafed purple cabbages and crinkle-leafed savoy cabbages of both colours being rarer 138.25 lb ) per. The longest histories this group there are several physiological disorders that can be eaten fresh or.... Feral origin of this population, deriving from plants escaped from field Gardens. Are usually used in salads or stir-frys most soils as long as they have good drainage but! Of its biennial cycle International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and the highlands of Papua New.... For earlier shipping and a thick rhizome on raised beds and furrow.! Botanical name or formal name the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants are by. 0.6–1.6 in ) apart 51 ] Sauerkraut was used by Dutch, and... Vegetable of Australians by the 18th century, it has a lovely mild flavor with a peppery kick is! Cabbage can still last up to 5 ’ tall and 2 ’ wide name get... Crops that were not developed until the mid-20th century. [ 87 ] the leaf color typically darkens intensifies! Several physiological disorders that can affect the postharvest appearance of cabbage is grown plant names under them listed! 53 ] there are oval sunken spots a few weeks later kick that is delicious in salads or stir-frys primarily. For cabbage no clinical evidence that cabbage has been linked to outbreaks E.. As night temperatures drop during the first year of its leaf stalks and stems in herbalism the Latin for!

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